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An estimated , to , mule deer inhabit the state. As noted above, Utah is second in the U. Nearly , mule deer live there, so if you do get a tag and the weather cooperates you might just be in for a mule deer hunt of a lifetime.
Utah also happens to be the headquarters for the Mule Deer Foundation , an organization dedicated to ensuring the conservation of mule deer, black-tailed deer, and their habitat. Since , the Cowboy State ranks 3rd in the U. Wyoming operates on a point system, but some hunts can be drawn without any points. Additionally, hunters in Wyoming should know that federally designated wilderness areas are off-limits to non-resident big game hunters unless they hire a licensed outfitter.
With just over a quarter-million mule deer in the Gem State and millions of acres of public land on which to chase them, Idaho is a top destination for any dedicated mule deer hunter. And should you find yourself in Idaho on opening day, you might find a big buck, given that one-quarter of the 20 all-time records for typicals came from Idaho. That means there are good genetics and quality habitat for monster muleys. You can hunt mule deer every fall in Colorado.
There, the deer migrate out of the mountains and onto winter range. There are three rifle seasons running around a week in length starting at the end of October. These seasons can put deer on their feet later into the morning and earlier in the afternoon.
This makes it just a touch easier for novice mule deer hunters to find a legal deer. Archery and muzzleloader hunters can find even more consistent hunting opportunities in September. I drew a second-choice deer tag in that offered over 40 percent harvest success rates.
Other states with higher harvest rates do not guarantee a license for next year. For example, Montana has a 56 percent nonresident success rate. If you are wanting to chase mule deer and are most concerned with having a cooler full of free-range venison from the Rocky Mountains, there are few better options than Colorado.
Do not forget to apply next spring! I often find a plethora of folks who want to go hunting for mule deer without much pre-planning. After hunting the Cornhusker State for mule deer during rifle season, I know public land and public access areas are more crowded than an all-you-can-eat night at the local steakhouse. All joking aside, my experience in the state is one where the short rifle season drives congestion in the field, especially on opening day.
By contrast, the primitive weapon seasons were pleasant, with a lot of mule deer around to pursue. The over-the-counter archery season runs from September 1 through December Again, the rifle hunting pressure is immense on publicly accessible land.
However, it is a great place to get your feet wet practicing your glassing skills and pursuing mule deer with your choice of weapon. This is especially so if you do not live in a state with mule deer hunting opportunities. Although the and drought cycles will hurt populations, the consummate archery hunter will find plenty of opportunities here for both mule deer and Coues whitetail deer.
You can walk into the store and buy a tag over the counter in this state. With that license, you can hunt in January of that year, a day season that kicks off at the end of August, and again in December as the rut is turning on. Pondera and Rosebud have three and two. The non-typical front looks different. You can find both. I know it is for me. But for those who like to plan, we hope the information above is the first step in helping you decide where to live out that dream.
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Camo Patterns. Get the latest big game hunting news, tips and tactics in your inbox! The breeding season or rut for mule deer in New Mexico begins in late November northern areas of the state and lasts until mid-January southern areas. During breeding periods, mature bucks cover a large area in search of receptive females does.
The does are receptive for about three days. If they are not bred during this time, their cycles will continue, and 28 days later they will again be receptive. Unbred mature does are rare in New Mexico. There is little actual fighting between bucks because dominance hierarchy has usually been established before peak rutting periods occur.
The smaller or less-aggressive bucks recognize their superiors and usually give in to their dominance. The breeding class is usually the prime-aged mature bucks, plus a few younger bucks who are exceptionally large-bodied or aggressive. One buck will breed with many does, so it is not necessary to have equal numbers of males and females. No permanent bond is formed between bucks and does. When the female is no longer receptive, the buck will leave her to seek other does.
Mule deer have a gestation period of about seven months. Fawns are usually born in June and July, later in southern New Mexico and later if does are in poor condition. Normally, a doe has one fawn the first time she gives birth. After this, she may have multiple fawns if she is in good condition. After about age seven the number of fawns will decrease again. Fawns get up on their feet only hours after birth, but they are rather unsteady and very susceptible to predation. During their first few days, they remain hidden and alone except when feeding Figure 4.
At about three weeks of age, the fawns begin sampling solid foods, and shortly thereafter they begin to accompany the doe almost constantly. Most fawns are weaned by October or November, after which they are dependent on their competitive ability to obtain adequate nutrition. Fawns that are larger at birth, or born earlier, tend to be larger at weaning and therefore are more likely to survive.
Figure 4. Fawns depend upon hiding and lying still for survival during their first few weeks. Photo by Mara Weisenberger. Malnutrition is the most common cause of death excluding hunting in studied mule deer populations in New Mexico.
Malnutrition is the most common disease of mule deer Bender et al. Probably the most publicized diseases of mule deer are the epizootic hemorrhagic disease-bluetongue complex collectively called hemorrhagic disease [HD] and chronic wasting disease CWD.
HD is a viral disease that affects deer, pronghorn, and bighorn sheep; it is spread by biting gnats or midges Culicoides spp. Although HD can be enzootic always present in low frequency , in mule deer it is most commonly seen in infrequent epizootics outbreaks , which can result in a large number of deaths when deer and vector conditions are conducive to outbreaks.
Outbreaks occur during late summer or early autumn, usually in close proximity to wet areas. During outbreaks, some deer die quickly with no apparent signs of disease, others may die within a week, some recover but are debilitated, and still other deer show no sign of disease during outbreaks, and survivors may develop immunity to that particular virus serotype but not necessarily other HD virus serotypes.
White-tailed deer are more vulnerable to HD especially epizootic hemorrhagic disease than mule deer, and thus high mortality from HD is more common in white-tailed deer and pronghorn than mule deer. Chronic wasting disease CWD is an invariably fatal degenerative neurological disease of deer, elk, and moose. Uncertainty still lingers over exactly how CWD is spread and even the causative agent, which is likely an abnormal protein called a prion.
Much of the concern about CWD involves its similarity to bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE , or mad cow disease; consuming products from BSE-infected cattle has been linked to fatal new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans.
Despite this, hunters should avoid eating venison from infected animals or other obviously sick animals and should use simple precautions, such as wearing latex gloves when handling deer or elk from areas known to have CWD. Many states also restrict movement of venison or other parts of deer, elk, and moose from areas or states where CWD is present; be sure to check with local Game Departments for regulations on transporting venison.
The Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance website www. Predators kill deer in New Mexico each year. The chief animals that prey upon deer are mountain lions, black bears, Mexican wolves, coyotes, bobcats, and feral dogs. Interactions between predators and mule deer are complex and highly variable across distance and time; the key to understanding predation is differentiating between the act of predation and the effect of predation.
Although predators kill deer, predation may have little effect on the population if predation substitutes for e. When predation is additive to other mortality factors, then predation can limit deer populations. Whether predation is mostly additive or mostly compensatory varies with the specific local conditions of the predator and prey communities, and their surroundings. Mule deer can live about 10—15 years.
The average lifespan of bucks is shorter than does, especially in areas of heavy hunting pressure. Because of this, most populations contain only 25—50 bucks for every does. Mule deer feeding is mainly crepuscular , meaning that they feed mostly early in the morning and again just before dark. They prefer higher-quality foods like forbs commonly called weeds and browse leaves, buds, and new shoots of shrubs and trees , but they also utilize grasses when young and actively growing as well as succulents.
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